DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

nama       : tasya nadinda p

kelas       : 1ea 19

npm : 17216310

nama dosen   : aGUS NECHOLASE

Direct and indirect speech can be a source of confusion for English learners. Let's first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or vice-versa.

You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways:

• by repeating the words spoken (direct speech)
• by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech).

DIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation.

EXAMPLES

• She says, "What time will you be home?"
• She said, "What time will you be home?" and I said, "I don't know! "
• "There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
• John said, "There's an elephant outside the window."

INDIRECT SPEECH

Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not used.

She said, "I saw him." (direct speech) = She said that she had seen him. (indirect speech)

'That' may be omitted:
She told him that she was happy. = She told him she was happy.

'SAY' AND 'TELL'

Use 'say' when there is no indirect object:
He said that he was tired.

Always use 'tell' when you say who was being spoken to (i.e. with an indirect object):
He told me that he was tired.

'TALK' AND 'SPEAK'

Use these verbs to describe the action of communicating:
He talked to us.
She was speaking on the telephone.

Use these verbs with 'about' to refer to what was said:
He talked (to us) about his parents.

example:

Direct speech:

I told Jerry, “I can fix this computer soon”
Aku memberitahu Jerry, “Aku dapat memperbaiki computer ini segera”.

Indirect speech:

I told to him that I could fix this computer immediately.
Aku memberitahu dia bahwa aku bisa memperbaiki komputer ini segera.

Direct speech:

Marry told us, “I have to go now”
Marry memberitahu kami , “Aku harus pergi saat ini”

Indirect speech:

Marry told to us that she had to go then.
Marry memberitahu kami bahwa dia harus pergi saat itu.

Jika Verb di reporting sentence present maka verb di reported sentence tidak berubah

Direct speech:

John tells Anne “I will pick you up at seven o’clock tonight”
John memberitahu Anne, “Aku akan menjemputmu pada jam 7 malam malam ini.

Indirect speech:

John told to Anne that he will pick her up at seven o’clock tonight.
John memberitahu Anne bahwa dia akan menjemput dia jam 7 malam itu.

latihan soal :

1. Bayu said Yuni, “why are you so say now?”. What did Tina say to Eko …

a. Bayu said Yuni, why she is so sad now
b. Bayu said Yuni why you are so sad then
c. Bayu said Yuni why he is so sad then
d. Bayu said Yuni why he was so sad now
e. Bayu said Yuni why he was so sad then

Jawaban : E
Penjelasannya: karena dalam perubahannnya “TOBE   ysang berupa are” akan berubah menjadi “was (karena yang dituju untuk subjek Yuni= she)” dalam indirect speech, sedangkan subjeknya pada direct speech berupa “you” ditujukan untuk “Yuni= she” , keterangan waktu berupa “now” berubah menjadi “then”

2. Dinda said Hanif, “where are you when I come to your home?”. We know that

a. Dinda said Hanif where she were when she came to his home
b. Dinda said Hanif where she were when she had come to his home
c. Dinda said Hanif where she were when she came to her home
d. Dinda said Hanif where she were when she came to her home
e. Dinda said Hanif where she were when she had come to her home

Jawaban : A
Penjelasannya: karena dalam perubahannnya “tobe berupa were” akan berubah menjadi “could” dalam indirect speech, sedangkan subjeknya pada direct speech berupa “you” ditujukan untuk “Hanif=he” , pada subejk ke dua berupa “I” ditujukan untuk “dinda=she” dan untuk possessive adjective “your home” pengganti dari “Hanif’’s home=his home”

3.Asep asked Duwi, “when is your mom now ?”. We can conclude that

a. Asep asked Duwi when your mom was then
b. Asep asked Duwi when her mom was then
c. Asep asked Duwi when his mom was then
d. Asep asked Duwi when her mom was now
e. Asep asked Duwi when his mom was now

Jawaban : C
Penjelasannya: karena dalam perubahannnya “tobe berupa is” akan berubah menjadi “was (karena subjek yang dituju adalah your mom=she” dalam indirect speech, sedangkan subjeknya pada direct speech berupa “your mom=” dirubah menjadi “Asep’s mom=his mom”

4. Henny said Novi, “Which one is yours?”. We can conclude that

a. Hennny said Novi Which one was yours
b. Hennny said Novi Which one were yours
c. Hennny said Novi Which one were his
d. Hennny said Novi Which one was his
e. Hennny said Novi Which one is yours Jawaban : D

Penjelasannya: karena dalam perubahannnya “tobe berupa is ” akan berubah menjadi “was (karena subjek yang dituju adalah yours=his” dalam indirect speech, sedangkan subjeknya pada direct speech berupa “yours ditujukan untuk “kepunyaan laki-laki= his”,

5. Yumna said Fairuz , “when is she?”. We can conclude that

a. Yumna said Fairuz when she is
b. Yumna said Fairuz when She was
c. Yumna said Fairuz when She had been
d. Yumna said Fairuz when She should have been
e. Yumna said Fairuz when She been

Jawaban: E
Penjelasannya: karena dalam perubahannnya “tobe berupa is” akan berubah menjadi “was (karena subjek yang dituju she” dalam indirect speech.

daftar pustaka
HTTP://WWW.BELAJARBAHASAINGGRISKU.COM/2015/01/PULUHAN-CONTOH-KALIMAT-DIRECT-DAN-INDIRECT-SPEECH-BESERTA-ARTINYA.HTML

http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/direct-and-indirect-speech/

ARTICLE QUESTION TAG

NAMA  : Tasya nadinda

kelas : 1ea19

npm   : 17216310

nama dosen   : Agus necholase

TAG QUESTIONS

WHAT IS A TAG QUESTION?

A tag question is a short question added to the end of a positive or negative statement.

For example:-

He is,	isn't he?
He does,	doesn't he?
He will,	won't he?
He can,	can't he?

 

HOW DO YOU FORM A TAG QUESTION?

Normally a positive statement is followed by a negative tag, and a negative statement is followed by a positive tag.

For example:-

+	-
You're English,	aren't you?
-	+
You're not German,	are you?

!The statement and the tag are always separated by a comma.

! Treat any statements with nothing, nobody etc like negative statements.

The verb in the statement should be the same tense as the verb in the tag.

For example:-

Present tense	| present tense
You are a good singer,	aren't you?
Past tense	| past tense
You didn't go to work yesterday,	did you?
Present perfect tense	| present perfect tense
You have been to London,	haven't you?

If the verb used in the statement is an auxiliary verb, then the verb used in the tag must match it. If a modal (can, could, will, should, etc.) is used in the statement, then the same modal is used in the tag part. If the statement doesn't use an auxilliary verb, then the auxiliary do is used in the tag part.

For example:-

Auxiliary verb		!Note
She is from England,	isn't she?
They aren't very nice,	are they?
She doesn't like it here,	does she?
Modal verb
You can sing,	can't you?
They shouldn't do that,	should they?
No auxiliary
He eats meat,	doesn't he?	(He does eat meat...)
He had a bath,	didn't he?	(He did have a bath...)
Nothing happened,	did it?	(Nothing did happen...)

WHY DO WE USE TAG QUESTIONS?

A good question. Why can't we just ask a normal question? The answer is you can, but you can use tag questions to verify or check information that you think is true, or to check information that you aren't sure about. 

I'm sorry to say that sometimes we just use them for effect, when we are trying to be sarcastic, or to make a strong point. So be sure to use them with care.

We show the meaning of the tag question through intonation.

If the tag is a real question it has a rising intonation.

example

1. I wasn’t needed at the meeting, was I?
Saya tidak diperlukan pada pertemuan itu, bukan?

2. No one was sitting here, were they?
Tidak ada yang duduk di sini, bukan?

3. Michael Owen used to play for Liverpool, didn’t he?
Michael Owen bermain untuk Liverpool, bukan?

4. I had better follow the doctor’s advice, hadn’t I?
Saya sebaiknya mengikuti saran dokter, bukan?

5. The desserts were really terrible, weren’t they?
Makanan penutup yang benar-benar tidak enak, bukan?

6. That company went bankrupt in 1998, didn’t it?
Perusahaan tersebut bangkrut pada tahun 1998, bukan?

7. I don’t think you’d followed the instructions carefully, had you?
Saya tidak berpikir Anda akan mengikuti instruksi dengan seksama, bukan?

8. It got cold last night, didn’t it?
Tadi malam dingin, bukan?

9. I didn’t leave my umbrella here, did I?
Aku tidak meninggalkan payung di sini, bukan?

latihan soal:

1. Father went to office late last day, ….?
2. She wasn’t happy when he didn’t came to her house, …?
3. They were learning Physics when we came last morning, …?
4. I can do this faster, …?
5. He could try again if he wanted to get more, …?
6. I will be happy if you bring me many chocolates, …?
7. Retna eats many fresh vegetables every night to her dinner, …?
8. They shouldn’t play a lot if they want their task to be finished, …?
9. Mia and I wanted to shop together last Friday night, …?
10. He had many things to be sold, …?
11. She has done her task since 8 a.m, …?

DAFTAR PUSTAKA 

https://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tagquestions.html